5 Makanan Sehat Jantung

Makanan untuk sakit jantung
Bluberi
Blueberry atas daftar sebagai salah satu makanan pelawan penyakit yang paling kuat. Itu karena mengandung anthocyanin, antioksidan yang bertanggung jawab untuk warna biru gelap mereka. Ini perhiasan lezat yang dikemas dengan serat, vitamin C, dan tersedia sepanjang tahun. Meningkatkan kesehatan jantung dengan menambahkan mereka ke dalam diet Anda secara teratur. Berikut caranya:
1. Atas gandum sereal Anda dengan blueberry segar atau beku untuk menambah rasa lezat, dosis serat, dan antioksidan jantung sehat.
2. Power up pancake, waffle, atau muffin dengan segar, blueberry beku, atau dikeringkan untuk sarapan bergizi.
3. Makan mereka polos atau bercampur dengan buah lainnya untuk rendah kalori, tinggi serat salad buah lezat, makanan penutup, atau snack.
Ide Resep: Buatlah agak tak tertahankan oleh jari-jari wanita layering, cahaya whipped topping puding atau rendah lemak, dan blueberry. Atau haluskan batch berry untuk saus sarapan atau dessert.
Ikan salmon
Ini ikan air dingin adalah sumber protein dan juga dikemas dengan hati-sehat omega-3 asam lemak. The American Heart Association menyarankan makan salmon dan makanan yang kaya omega-3 lainnya dua kali seminggu untuk manfaat yang melampaui kesehatan jantung. Amerika suka salmon karena sangat serbaguna, mudah untuk memasak, dan selera besar.
1. Salmon mudah untuk mempersiapkan di panggangan, dalam oven atau microwave, atau di kompor. Simpan sisa makanan untuk melemparkan ke dalam hidangan pasta, membuat ke kue salmon, menambah salad, atau campuran ke dalam dips atau menyebar.
2. Salmon asap datang dalam dua varietas. Jenis baku umumnya digunakan dalam makanan pembuka dan roti bagel dengan krim keju dan caper. Jenis merokok kering memiliki lebih dari penampilan dimasak. Anda dapat menikmati dengan cara yang sama sebagai gaya baku, dan menambahkannya ke hidangan yang dimasak seperti pasta.
3. Salmon koki dalam hitungan menit dan tekstur halus dengan cepat menyerap dan menampilkan rasa bahan tambah. Sebagai contoh, melemparkan potongan ikan salmon ke dalam sup krim jagung salmon dan kentang, atau bungkus dengan bumbu dan bawang cincang dan tomat di foil perkamen atau aluminium dan panggang panggangan atau 12 menit untuk makan memuaskan.
Ide Resep: Lumuri ikan salmon di campuran, jeruk nipis bawang merah, bawang putih, dan kedelai selama 15 menit sebelum memanggang ikan taco lezat atau sandwich ikan bakar.
Soy Protein
Ini, murah protein berkualitas tinggi mengandung serat, vitamin, dan mineral -. Semua bahan untuk Bit ​​m jantung sehat Selain itu, diet kaya protein kedelai dapat menurunkan trigliserida, yang membantu mencegah penyakit kardiovaskular dan menjaga jantung Anda kuat dan sehat. Pada mereka dengan kadar kolesterol tinggi, manfaat dari makanan kedelai karena tingkat tinggi lemak tak jenuh ganda, serat, vitamin, dan mineral.
Protein kedelai terus ...
1. Paket bar protein kedelai atau kantong kacang kedelai untuk makanan ringan di siang hari.
2. Edamame (nama Jepang untuk kedelai hijau) adalah snack bahkan anak-anak akan cinta! Menemukan nugget bergizi di bagian freezer di supermarket Anda. Rebus mereka, lalu sajikan hangat dalam polong. Pop mereka keluar dari polong untuk makan polos atau dengan berenang rendah lemak.
3. Tahu, dibuat dari kacang kedelai, mengambil rasa rempah-rempah dan makanan yang Anda masak dengan itu. Tumis potong dadu tahu dengan hijau dan paprika merah, bawang putih diiris, dan sedikit atau dua bubuk kari. Atau tambahkan tahu pada sup untuk dosis sehat bebas lemak protein.
Ide Resep: Susu kedelai tidak hanya untuk tahan terhadap laktosa. Buatlah minuman bergizi dengan susu coklat kedelai, pisang, dan beberapa es untuk smoothie yang lezat.
Havermut
Nenek menyebutnya serat dan kita perlu banyak hal setiap hari. Oatmeal adalah salah satu cara untuk mendapatkannya. Oat biji-bijian bergizi dan sumber besar vitamin, mineral, dan serat penurun kolesterol. FDA memungkinkan produsen dari gandum untuk membuat klaim kesehatan tentang biji-bijian pada produk mereka, menunjukkan bahwa diet tinggi dalam gandum dapat mengurangi risiko penyakit jantung. Penelitian menunjukkan kadar kolesterol oat, membuat Anda teratur, dan dapat membantu mencegah kanker tertentu.
1. Semangkuk oatmeal hangat mengisi perut berjam-jam dengan kandungan serat yang tinggi. Top it off dengan buah (seperti blueberry atau strawberry) untuk serat menambahkan, vitamin, dan mineral.
2. Tambahkan gandum setiap kali Anda panggang. Pengganti hingga satu-sepertiga dari tepung dengan gandum di pancake, muffin, roti cepat, kue, dan kue kopi untuk dosis tambahan serat.
3. Gunakan gandum di tempat remah roti dalam hidangan seperti roti daging, bakso, atau breading pada unggas.
Ide Resep: Membuat granola renyah kue Anda sendiri dengan tiga cangkir oat di 350 derajat selama 25 sampai 30 menit. Aduk sesekali, kemudian dinginkan dan campuran dalam berbagai buah kering cincang, kacang-kacangan, dan biji-bijian.
Bayam
Popeye langsung tahu nilai makan bayam. Hands down, bayam adalah pusat kekuatan dari kerajaan sayuran. Yang kaya, warna gelap berasal dari beberapa phytochemical, vitamin, dan mineral (terutama folat dan besi) yang juga melawan penyakit, melindungi terhadap penyakit jantung, dan menjaga penglihatan Anda.
1. Jauhkan beku, bayam cincang di freezer Anda untuk tambahan, mudah cepat untuk pizza, pasta, sup, dan minuman. Hanya defrost dan meremas cairan dari kotak bayam cincang sebelum Anda melempar ke piring dimasak.
2. Campur bayam segar dengan salad sayuran atau sendirian, kemudian atas dengan stroberi dan jeruk Mandarin kupas tersegmentasi atau diiris, kacang-kacangan, dan keju hancur untuk salad memuaskan dan lezat.
3. Uap bayam, campur dengan bawang putih, sedikit minyak zaitun, dan perasan lemon untuk rendah lemak kentang puncak.
Ide Resep: Campur bayam dengan kacang pinus dan kismis, kemudian barang-barang ke labu musim dingin dan panggang untuk hidangan, penuh warna utama atau sisi lezat. Itulah makanan untuk sakit jantung

Makanan Terbaik untuk Langsing Alami

Tips langsing alami untuk Menurunkan Berat Badan
Trik untuk makan untuk menurunkan berat badan tidak benar-benar begitu rumit: Ini yang sederhana seperti makan lebih berwarna, baik-untuk-Anda buah-buahan dan sayuran.
Sekarang kita semua tahu bahwa kita seharusnya makan buah dan sayuran untuk vitamin dan mineral, serat, dan kuat melawan penyakit manfaat. Tapi nutrisi yang tampaknya baik saja tidak cukup memikat bagi kebanyakan dari kita. Hanya 20% orang Amerika makan sebanyak lima potong buah-buahan dan sayuran sehari.
Jadi mungkin sudah saatnya kita mengubah tabel dan bukannya melihat buah-buahan dan sayuran sebagai cara lezat untuk "menipu" pada diet penurunan berat badan yang sehat. Dari mesin-pemadam kebakaran paprika merah, dan mentega kuning zucchini, untuk anggur ungu sebagai berair seperti anggur, "cukup makan menghasilkan tampaknya menjadi salah satu elemen kunci dalam penurunan berat badan dan pemeliharaan berat badan," kata Dave Grotto, RD, LDN, ahli gizi dan penulis dari 101 Makanan yang Bisa Hemat Hidup Anda.
Jadi bagaimana makan makanan yang lebih benar-benar membantu Anda berat kurang?
Rahasia Buah dan Sayuran
Rahasia pertama dari buah-buahan dan sayuran sederhana: mereka padat gizi. Ini berarti bahwa untuk berat badan mereka, paling menghasilkan adalah rendah kalori, sehingga Anda bisa makan lebih banyak saat diet Anda kaya sayuran dan buah-buahan - dan masih tidak mengkonsumsi seluruh banyak kalori. Hanya mencoba bahwa dengan cokelat!
Rahasia kedua: Kenyang. Semua memproduksi, dari pir menarik untuk sekelompok renyah selada merah dikemas dengan air dan serat, kata ahli gizi Seattle Kerry Neville, MS, RD, dan kedua tidak hanya menjaga kalori turun, mereka membuat Anda merasa kenyang lebih lama. Ini berarti Anda bisa memuaskan keinginan untuk sesuatu yang manis atau renyah setiap hari - dan masih menurunkan berat badan.
Pikirkan tentang hal ini. Mungkin Anda berada dalam kemerosotan am 3 dan ingin camilan untuk mendapatkan Anda melalui makan malam. Yang akan mengisi perut Anda lebih baik, palmful keripik kentang dengan 155 kalori, atau tiga cangkir stroberi keseluruhan dengan 138 kalori? Sebuah sekaleng cola manis di 136 kalori, atau secangkir anggur penumpukan dengan sekitar jumlah yang sama? Dalam setiap kasus, menghasilkan memungkinkan Anda makan lebih banyak, mengisi Anda dengan cepat, dan membuat Anda kenyang lebih lama.
Real Buah dan Sayuran Bonus
Seiring dengan membantu dalam diet penurunan berat badan, jangan lupa anugerah utama ketika Anda menikmati sayuran segar dan buah segar: Anda mendapatkan nutrisi pelawan penyakit dengan semua rasa itu juga.
Para Buah Sayuran Bonus Real dan terus ...
Sebuah palmful keripik kentang tidak akan mengurangi risiko beberapa jenis kanker, penyakit jantung, diabetes tipe 2, dan menurunkan kolesterol darah, tetapi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antioksidan, serat, vitamin, dan mineral dalam memproduksi seperti segenggam, peach manis berry, atau semangkuk dari bok choy mungkin.
Tentu saja, untuk mendapatkan manfaat penuh dari buah dan sayuran - penurunan berat badan, rasa besar, mengurangi risiko penyakit kronis - menghasilkan perlu mengganti setidaknya beberapa yang berlemak, makanan padat kalori dalam diet Anda.
Tapi apa jika Anda tidak siap untuk memotong kue favorit Anda atau mengorbankan satu chip? "Bahkan jika Anda mengubah apa-apa lagi dalam diet Anda, Anda masih mendapatkan fitonutrien, bahan kimia, dan yang belum diketahui nutrisi [dalam memproduksi] yang dapat membantu melindungi Anda dari kanker, diabetes, dan penyakit jantung," kata Christine Gerbstadt, MD, RD, juru bicara American Dietetic Association.
Namun, sekali kita mulai mengemil buah-buahan dan sayuran, sebagian besar dari kita secara bertahap akan makan lebih sedikit barang kaya kalori, ujar Gerbstadt, yang menambahkan bahwa karena menghasilkan membantu mengisi Anda dan memberikan dorongan tubuh Anda, "Anda tentu kurang makan keripik, cookies , dan makanan lain yang hanya tidak membuat Anda merasa baik. "
Buah dan Sayuran: Segar, Beku, kaleng, atau kering?
Jadi berita besar adalah bahwa buah-buahan dan sayuran dapat memberikan penurunan berat badan dorongan nyata. Sekarang pertanyaannya adalah, bagaimana seharusnya Anda menikmati mereka: segar atau beku, kalengan atau dikeringkan?
"Semua di atas," Gerbstadt memberitahu WebMD. Meskipun lokal, produk musiman mungkin memiliki tepi sedikit nutrisi di kali, "kering, kaleng, dan buah-buahan dan sayuran beku biasanya diambil tepat sebelum kematangan puncak dan kemudian dikemas," ujar Gerbstadt, "sehingga Anda benar-benar mendapatkan makanan sangat segar. "
Segar dan sehat - selama Anda menghindari saus mentega atau membasahi keju, mengatakan pro.
USDA menyarankan kita mendapatkan dua buah cangkir sehari, dan dua setengah cangkir sayuran (untuk diet 2.000 kalori).
Segar, buah beku, atau kalengan dan sayuran: "Bila Anda makan buah kaleng, hati-hati untuk tambahan seperti sirup," kata Neville, "Carilah buah dikemas dalam air atau jus."
Jus buah: 100% jus buah dapat memiliki lebih banyak kalori per ons dari soda manis, dan karena banyak serat yang hilang, itu juga tidak hampir sama mengisi sebagai buah segar. Stick untuk buah utuh jika Anda bisa.
Jus sayuran 100%: jus sayur biasanya memiliki kalori lebih sedikit daripada kerabat buah mereka, tetapi mereka sering pak natrium pukulan, sehingga mengawasi pada porsi di sini juga.
In Search of Food super
Jadi mungkin Anda dijual pada buah dan sayuran sebagai cara yang bagus untuk "menipu" dalam rencana makan sehat. Sekarang Anda mungkin bertanya-tanya, buah-buahan dan sayuran yang akan memberikan Anda paling bang untuk uang gizi Anda?
Jawabannya adalah: mereka semua.
"Setiap buah dan sayuran adalah makanan super," ujar Gerbstadt. "Anda dapat mengatakan yang berwarna-warni memiliki nutrisi lebih untuk Anda tetapi ... bahkan yang tidak memiliki sebagai warna banyak, kita menemukan bahwa semua bersama mereka punya nutrisi yang kita butuhkan - kita hanya tidak memiliki laboratorium Tes belum menganalisis mereka. "
Jadi sementara satu papan lobi dapat mengintip lebih baik-untuk-anda manfaat blueberry, dan lain mungkin berbicara atas kekuatan antioksidan dari buah delima, dalam skema keseluruhan hal itu tidak begitu penting yang buah-buahan dan sayuran yang Anda makan "itu hanya hal-hal yang Anda mendapatkan mereka dalam diri Anda, "kata Grotto WebMD.
Dan ketika Anda kepala lorong menghasilkan waktu berikutnya, mengambil fokus laser-tajam pada rasa pertama, Gua menyarankan. Beli buah dan sayuran Anda benar-benar cinta, "karena tidak ada yang peduli apakah itu akan menyelamatkan hidup mereka jika itu tidak enak."
Namun Anda menemukan diri Anda menikmati orang-orang persik dan kentang, tombak asparagus dan bayam, satu hal yang penting:tips langsing alami!

Cara Mengatasi Jerawat Permanen

Cara Mengatasi Jerawat, Banyak orang yang terpengaruh oleh jerawat pada beberapa waktu selama hidup mereka. Bagi sebagian orang, bagaimanapun, jerawat dapat sangat sulit untuk menyingkirkan. Ada banyak teori mengenai penyebab jerawat, dan perawatan yang tampaknya seperti banyak. Namun, untuk secara permanen menyingkirkan jerawat, penting untuk mengikuti rejimen perawatan kulit yang sederhana, namun sangat efektif, yang melibatkan pembersihan, mengobati dan pelembab.

Instruksi

1
Membersihkan kulit dengan sabun atau pembersih yang diformulasikan untuk kulit sensitif. Menggunakan sabun yang dirancang untuk mengurangi minyak atau untuk merawat kulit kering dapat menjadi terlalu mengiritasi atau dapat menyumbat pori-pori Anda. Yang pertama akan menyebabkan kulit menjadi terlalu kering, yang menyebabkan kelebihan produksi minyak untuk mengkompensasi, yang terakhir dapat menyebabkan jerawat bahkan lebih jerawat. Sabun yang dirancang untuk kulit sensitif tidak akan mengandung bahan kimia keras dan akan membersihkan kulit tanpa pengeringan keluar atau menyumbat pori-pori. Jadilah selembut mungkin dan menghindari menggosok di semua biaya. Busa wajah Anda dan bilas bersih dengan air.

2
Mengobati kulit dengan menggunakan krim peroksida benzoil rendah kekuatan. Benzoil peroksida adalah salah satu yang paling kuat jerawat-pejuang tersedia dan dapat dibeli dalam kekuatan dari 2,5 persen, 5 persen dan 10 persen. Ini mungkin tampak diinginkan untuk menggunakan krim tertinggi kekuatan untuk mengobati jerawat, tapi ini akan membakar kulit dan menyebabkan iritasi parah. Gunakan krim terendah-kekuatan yang tersedia.

Squeeze jumlah seukuran kacang pada kulit dan dengan lembut halus di sekitar wajah Anda dengan ujung jari Anda sampai benar-benar diserap. Hindari daerah mata dan tidak menggosok krim masuk

3
Melembabkan kulit dengan menggunakan lotion pelembab yang bebas minyak dan dirancang untuk jenis kulit sensitif. Sebuah lotion yang bebas minyak tidak akan menyumbat pori-pori, dan salah satu yang diformulasikan untuk jenis kulit sensitif tidak akan mengandung bahan-bahan yang kuat yang bisa memperburuk kulit. Gunakan jumlah yang kira-kira ukuran sepeser pun, dan halus pada lembut. Hindari menggosok lotion dalam terlalu kuat. Cukup memungkinkan jari untuk menyebarkan lotion di sekitar wajah sampai telah diserap. Jauhkan lotion jauh dari daerah mata, karena dapat mengandung beberapa krim benzoil peroksida sekali diterapkan pada wajah. Gunakan lotion bebas minyak setiap kali setelah krim benzoil peroksida digunakan untuk menjaga kulit jelas namun lembut dan terhidrasi. Itulah Cara Mengatasi Jerawat permanen.

Diet langsing Alami

Tips langsing alami, Sementara beberapa percaya bahwa semua suplemen berat badan alami kerugian adalah kunci untuk penurunan berat badan alami, kebanyakan dokter tidak akan di semua setuju. Meskipun secara teknis, tumbuh-tumbuhan dan agen yang biasanya ditemukan dalam suplemen diet alami, memang, alam, alam namun tidak selalu identik dengan berbahaya.

Kehilangan Berat diet alami dari berbagai jenis yang akan mendorong penurunan berat badan dalam kombinasi dengan olahraga dan diet sehat. Beberapa zat yang digunakan dalam seperti diet penurunan berat badan alami yang berpotensi dapat meningkatkan aktivitas metabolisme Anda, sementara yang lain dapat mengurangi stres akibat makan atau hasrat untuk jenis makanan tertentu. Weight Loss alami meliputi pikiran, tubuh dan jiwa. Ini melibatkan lebih dari diet atau olahraga dan sering melibatkan sampai ke akar dari perilaku makan.

Makanan berkalori tinggi, "cepat dan Junk" makanan dan aktivitas fisik cukup merupakan alasan utama untuk penyakit obesitas. Selama dekade terakhir jumlah kehilangan berat badan alami kalori yang dikonsumsi per orang di Amerika telah menunjukkan tren yang tajam pada saat yang sama tingkat aktivitas fisik telah menunjukkan tren menurun.

Makanan yang kita konsumsi meliputi:

Karbohidrat
Lemak
Protein
Mineral dan
Vitamin
1-gram Karbohidrat dan Protein mengandung 4 kalori dan 1-gram Lemak mengandung 9-kalori.

Produk Alami Rugi Berat - Jeruk
Vitamin C dengan bioflavoids diperkirakan untuk mempercepat metabolisme yang lambat dan menormalkan fungsi kelenjar. Jeruk aurantium ramuan Cina yang umum digunakan untuk menurunkan berat badan alami. Citrus aurantium memiliki properti diuretik alami. Para aurantium jeruk sering digunakan untuk meningkatkan lambung dan fungsi pencernaan. Ini juga telah digunakan untuk merangsang fungsi hati dan mengurangi masalah sirkulasi.

Tidak seperti ephedra dalam proses penurunan berat badan alami, jeruk aurantium tidak merangsang sistem saraf pusat dan karena itu tidak berpengaruh kegugupan dan peningkatan denyut jantung yang menyebabkan ephedra. Dalam hal pengobatan Cina, Zhi Shi memiliki kapasitas untuk mengubah dahak dan mengurangi akumulasi.

Garuna
Lain zat yang dapat digunakan untuk teknik penurunan berat badan alami Garuna. Garuna ini mengandung sejumlah kecil senyawa yang berada dalam keluarga yang sama seperti Kafein. Benih utuh dengan seluruh komponen pelengkap tidak memiliki efek keras dari kafein. Ini lambat dilepaskan dari benih Garuna memberikan efek jangka panjang energi berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan metabolisme tubuh Anda untuk membakar kelebihan lemak tubuh.

Gotu Kola
Zat lain berat badan alami kerugian adalah Gotu Kola, yang mengurangi tingkat energi iklan meningkatkan metabolisme. Teh hijau juga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk menurunkan berat badan alami.

Ini teh hijau mengandung katekin dan epicatechins, tanaman senyawa yang termasuk kategori flavonol. Ini adalah antioksidan kuat yang telah ditunjukkan untuk membantu penurunan berat badan dan meningkatkan fungsi tubuh secara umum.

Satu substansi lebih, yang dapat digunakan sebagai untuk teknik berat badan alami, adalah Bladderwrack tersebut. Ini adalah jenis Kelp, yang secara alami kaya yodium dan banyak elemen lainnya. Dikenal untuk membantu penurunan berat badan dan fungsi keseimbangan metabolisme.

Weight Loss Tips Alam
Peningkatan latihan sehari-hari untuk membakar lemak lebih cepat.
Pertimbangkan minuman smoothie protein dan makanan hijau.
Mulai perlahan-lahan meningkatkan dari waktu ke waktu.
Jangan kelaparan hanya makan makanan bergizi sehat.
Hindari Lemak Jenuh, Gula & "Putih" Karbohidrat.
Ganti dengan makanan utuh seperti beras merah, pasta gandum / roti dan buah-buahan segar & sayuran.
Tubuh kita dapat berada di bawah jumlah yang wajar stres dan tidak pernah mendaftar sesuatu di luar, yang bisa sangat berbahaya di dunia di mana minyak terhidrogenasi dan sirup jagung fruktosa tinggi menjadi bahan pokok, bahkan dalam produk yang harus sehat.

Old Fashioned Way untuk Menurunkan Berat Badan Alam
Jadi apa cara yang tepat untuk menurunkan berat badan secara alami jika semua suplemen berat badan alami kerugian tidak bisa dipercaya? Nah, satu-satunya cara untuk menurunkan berat badan secara alami dan sehat adalah cara kuno yang baik, yang mencakup bahwa diet yang baik dan olahraga sering.

Ini berarti tidak ada crash diet, tidak semua-alam suplemen penurunan berat badan, tidak ada suplemen berat badan farmakologis, hanya polos kalori kontrol tua dan perhatian untuk bahan, dipasangkan dengan latihan sering dan gaya hidup non-aktif.

Ini resep kuno untuk penurunan berat badan alami mungkin tampak terlalu membosankan di serba cepat dunia sekarang ini, dan mungkin bahkan tampaknya seperti membuang-buang teknologi dan penelitian farmakologis untuk mengabaikan kemajuan terbaru dalam diet dan mengendalikan berat badan, tetapi untuk waktu, dokter setuju bahwa hanya 100% penurunan berat badan yang aman dan alami adalah hanya untuk menurunkan berat badan melalui diet yang tepat dan olahraga.

Perlu dicatat bahwa dengan pola makan, tidak tersirat bahwa 'diet' pemotongan kalori drastis harus diikuti; apa yang dimaksud dengan diet dalam konteks ini adalah bahwa dari diet yang sehat, dan diet yang sehat terdiri dari kalori harian yang memadai asupan, tergantung pada usia seseorang, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat aktivitas.

Ini berarti diet yang bervariasi di alam dan yang mencakup sebagian besar makanan yang berasal dari karbohidrat kompleks dan sayuran dengan porsi yang lebih kecil dari susu, protein, buah-buahan dan beberapa lemak. Bagaimana dengan tips langsing alami anda ?

Cara mengajukan Paspor di India

Apa yang Anda butuhkan Cara membuat paspor
6 foto ukuran paspor (3,5 X3.5 cm)
usia bukti sertifikat (yang lahir setelah 26 Januari '89 harus KIA akta kelahiran, atau sertifikat dari lembaga Domisili Pendidikan atau surat pernyataan sepatutnya diaktakan)
3 dokumen untuk Bukti tempat tinggal (ransum kartu, tagihan air, tagihan listrik, kartu pemilih, surat yang dikeluarkan oleh dept pajak penghasilan atau rekening bank.)
Langkah-langkah
1
Aplikasi ini dapat diperoleh untuk Rs.10 / - dari, kantor paspor regional atau lembaga publikasi hukum
2
Sebuah surat pribadi dari pemohon bersama dengan dokumen yang diperlukan dapat disampaikan bahkan melalui perwakilan.
3
Token harus diperoleh saat mengirimkan aplikasi dan sesuai dengan nomor aplikasi tersebut diterima.
4
Aplikasi diterima di kantor pos pusat dan kantor pos kecepatan. Pada fasilitas line juga tersedia.
5
Surat Persetujuan UNTUK PASPOR anak-anak dari orang tua adalah wajib sambil menerapkan untuk paspor untuk sertifikat kelahiran kecil dan bukti tempat tinggal dan copy Xerox paspor dari salah satu orang tua harus diserahkan bersama dengan aplikasi
6
PASPOR INSTAN (TATKAL) Dalam kasus-kasus mendesak skema "Tatkal" dapat diterapkan Sebuah surat pengesahan identitas pemohon, oleh Pemerintah. Sekretaris atau Komisaris Polisi adalah wajib bagi Tatkal (instan) Paspor. Bahkan MROs atau Inspektur Lingkaran dapat memberikan surat kepada efek yang dengan salinan Xerox kartu identitas foto. Biaya untuk Tatkal-Rs.1500 / - biaya tambahan.
Tips
Para tarrifs adalah sebagai berikut:
(TARIF) Paspor (berlaku selama 10 tahun) Rs.1000-00
Paspor kecil Rs. 600-00 kadaluarsa pembaharuan Rs. 1000-00
Gandakan (ketika hilang) Rs. 2500-00
Tatkal skema Rs. 1500-00
Hati-hati
Hati-hati menggunakan broker atau agen untuk mendapatkan paspor Anda! Cukup sering Anda akan berakhir membayar lebih banyak uang dan Anda tidak mungkin menerima paspor Anda setiap cepat!
Link
Bagaimana untuk memperbarui paspor Anda di India, itulah cara membuat paspor

Bagaimana cara mengatasi rambut rontok

Cara mengatasi rambut rontok, Apakah Anda khawatir tentang itu surut garis rambut atau tumbuh botak?

Apakah Anda merasa sadar diri tentang rambut Anda dan mungkin membayangkan bahwa orang yang memperlakukan Anda berbeda pada rekening itu?

Rambut rontok (alopesia) dapat terjadi karena berbagai alasan dan jika Anda tidak yakin mengapa Anda kehilangan rambut Anda harus selalu berkonsultasi dengan dokter Anda. Namun, kebanyakan orang mengalaminya dalam bentuk kebotakan pola pria. Ini adalah sifat turun-temurun dan meskipun semua hype sekitar produk restorasi rambut tidak banyak yang bisa dilakukan untuk memperlambat turun atau membalikkan sekali itu dimulai. Itu tidak membuatnya lebih mudah untuk menerima!

Ketika penampilan Anda mulai berubah dalam cara-cara di mana Anda memiliki kontrol tidak, itu bisa sangat menjengkelkan. Kita semua membuat asosiasi yang kuat antara bagaimana kita melihat dan siapa kita - bahkan jika hal ini tidak sepenuhnya rasional. Jika bagian dari identitas Anda adalah 'orang dengan kepala penuh rambut ", itu membingungkan untuk memperhatikan rambut yang menghilang. Hal ini dapat membuat Anda merasa seperti Anda 'bukan diri sendiri'.

Tidak hanya itu, tetapi Anda kemudian dapat mulai membayangkan bahwa orang lain memperlakukan Anda berbeda (bahkan jika mereka tidak). Hal ini dapat membuat Anda sadar diri dan canggung di sekitar orang lain, dan Anda bahkan mungkin merasa enggan untuk pergi keluar secara sosial, atau untuk menghadiri acara bisnis atau pertemuan.

Apa yang terjadi di sini adalah bahwa tingkat emosionalitas tertentu telah menjadi terkait dalam pikiran Anda dengan penipisan rambut Anda. Gairah semacam ini membuat sulit untuk tidak memihak dan berpikir jelas tentang diri Anda. Tapi bagaimana Anda menenangkan diri lagi sehingga Anda bisa mendapatkan pandangan yang lebih obyektif? Bagaimana Anda bisa membangun kembali kepercayaan Anda?

Menerima rambut rontok adalah sesi hipnosis audio yang disiapkan oleh psikolog yang berpengalaman yang akan membantu Anda benar-benar bersantai di sekitar gagasan bahwa Anda kehilangan rambut Anda. Mendengarkan secara teratur untuk download ini, Anda akan menemukan bahwa Anda

merasakan ketenangan mendalam tak tergoyahkan dalam diri Anda
memperhatikan perasaan yang tumbuh dari keyakinan diri
tidak lagi merasa khawatir apa yang orang lain mungkin berpikir
hampir tidak pernah berpikir tentang rambut Anda lagi
Ambil rambut rontok Menerima dan melanjutkan dengan menjadi orang yang Anda.
Cara mengatasi rambut rontok

Khasiat Bawang Putih Bagi Kesehatan

Manfaat bawang putih, Siapa yang tak tahu bawang putih. Wangi atau aroma rempah ini sering tercium pada berbagai masakan.
Namun sayangnya, tak banyak yang tahu bahwa tumbuhan berumbi lapis ini adalah satu objek yang cukup populer dalam berbagai penelitian ilmiah, tak lain karena khasiatnya bagi kesehatan.

Manfaat bawang putih bagi kesehatan
Bawang putih mendapat predikat obat herbal ajaib, karena berbagai manfaat yang dikandungnya. Tahukah, jika di setiap 100 gram bawang putih, terkandung 71 gram air; 23,1 gram hidrat arang; 4,5 gram protein; 0,20 gram lemak; 0,22 miligram vitamin B1; 15 miligram vitamin C; 134 miligram fosfor; 42 miligram kalsium; dan 1 miligram besi.
Sejumlah penelitian menyebutkan, adalah kandungan senyawa sulfur, allicin dan sulfida diallyl pada bawang yang menjadikannya potensial sebagai obat, sekaligus sebagai antibiotik dan antioksidan alami.
Berbagai penelitian telah mencoba menguak manfaat yang dikandung tanaman bernama latin Allium Sativum ini.
Manfaat bawang putih bagi kesehatan jantung ditemukan oleh tim peneliti dari University of Alabama yang hasil kajiannya diterbitkan dalam jurnal Prosiding National Academy of Sciences.
Zat sulfida hidrogen, hasil reaksi antara senyawa allicin pada bawang putih dengan sel darah merah pada tubuh manusia, terbukti dapat merenggangkan saluran darah dan membuat darah mudah mengalir.
Namun penggunaannya yang berlebihan tidak dianjurkan, sebab dapat memiliki efek samping seperti menjadi zat antikoagulan (pengencer) pada darah, penyebab iritasi, hingga rusaknya saluran pencernaan.
Bawang putih juga bermanfaat bagi ibu hamil. Sebuah riset oleh tim dari Academic Department of Obstertrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital di London menunjukkan, konsumsi bawang putih selama kehamilan dapat mengurangi resiko komplikasi kehamilan serta membantu menaikkan berat badan bayi.
Bawang putih juga membantu memperkuat stamina tubuh. Ekstrak bawang putih, oleh peneliti dari Universitas Brigham Young di Utah, dilaporkan dapat melawan virus penyebab flu, jamur dan bakteri penyebab penyakit.
Beberapa penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa orang yang rutin mengkonsumsi bawang putih lebih rendah resikonya terkena kanker perut dan usus besar. Kadar kolesterol dan lemak pada tubuh juga lebih rendah.
Jadi, kenapa tidak kita terus konsumsi bawang putih? manfaat bawah putih ini ber manfaat untuk kesehatan.

Melangsingkan Badan Alami Dengan Daun Salam Tanpa Obat

Cara melangsingkan badan, Sebagian orang mempermasalahkan berat badan yang dimilinya, entah itu terlalu gemuk atau terlalu kurus. Beragam cara ditempuh oleh pengejar berat badan ideal mulai dari memakai obat oles, obat telan, ikut program diet, puasa senin kamis, hingga melakukan operasi medis dan teknik lain yang bisa membuat kita heran. Selain cara yang ada, kita bisa mencoba tehnik alternatif untuk mengurangi berat badan berlebih secara alami.

Gunakan ramuan daun salam untuk mengurangi berat badan hingga berat yang diinginkan. Cara membuatnya adalah dengan merebus segenggam daun salam yang telah dibersihkan dengan dua gelas air. rebus air bersih dan daun salam hingga airnya tinggal satu gelas tersisa. Setelah itu minum saat hangat-hangat kuku setiap hari satu gelas sampai berat badan yang diimpikan tercapai. Semoga berhasil cara melangsingkan badan, jika bermasalah hentikan minum rebusan daun salam, kerena mungkin tidak cocok dengan anda.

Appropriate technology

Appropriate technology is an ideological movement (and its manifestations) originally articulated as "intermediate technology" by the economist Dr. Ernst Friedrich "Fritz" Schumacher in his influential work, Small is Beautiful. Though the nuances of appropriate technology vary between fields and applications, it is generally recognized as encompassing technological choice and application that is small scale, labor intensive, energy efficient, environmentally sound and locally controlled. Both Schumacher and many modern-day proponents of appropriate technology also emphasize the technology as people centered.
Appropriate technology is most commonly discussed in its relationship to economic development and as an alternative to transfers of capital-intensive technology from industrialized nations to developing countries. However, appropriate technology movements can be found in both developing and developed countries. In developed countries, the appropriate technology movement grew out of the energy crisis of the 1970s and focuses mainly on environmental and sustainability issues.
Appropriate technology has been used to address issues in a wide range of fields. Well-known examples of appropriate technology applications include: bike- and hand-powered water pumps (and other self-powered equipment), the universal nut sheller, self-contained solar-powered light bulbs and streetlights, and passive solar building designs. Today appropriate technology is often developed using open source principles, which have led to open-source appropriate technology (OSAT) and thus many of the plans of the technology can be freely found on the Internet.

Predecessors
Indian ideological leader Mahatma Gandhi is often cited as the "father" of the appropriate technology movement. Though the concept had not been given a name, Gandhi advocated for small, local and predominantly village-based technology to help India's villages become self reliant. He disagreed with the idea of technology that benefited a minority of people at the expense of the majority or that put people out of work to increase profit.[2] In 1925 Gandhi founded the All-India Spinners Association and in 1935 he retired from politics to form the All-India Village Industries Association both organizations focused on village-based technology similar to the future appropriate technology movement.
China also implemented policies similar to appropriate technology during the reign of Mao Tse-tung and the following Cultural Revolution. During the Cultural Revolution, development policies based on the idea of "walking on two legs" advocated the development of both large-scale factories and small-scale village industries.

E.F. Schumacher
Despite these early examples, Dr. Ernst Friedrich "Fritz" Schumacher is credited as the founder of the appropriate technology movement. A well-known economist, Schumacher worked for the British National Coal Board for more than 20 years, where he blamed the size of the industry's operations for its uncaring response to the harm black-lung disease inflicted on the miners.[2] However it was his work with developing countries, such as India and Burma, that helped Schumacher form the underlying principles of appropriate technology.
Schumacher first articulated the idea of "intermediate technology," now known as appropriate technology, in a 1962 report to the Indian Planning Commission in which he described India as long in labor and short in capital, calling for an "intermediate industrial technology" that harnessed India's labor surplus. Schumacher had been developing the idea of intermediate technology for several years prior to the Planning Commission report. In 1955, following a stint as an economic advisor to the government of Burma, he published the short paper "Economics in a Buddhist Country," his first known critique of the effects of Western economics on developing countries. In addition to Buddhism, Schumacher also credited his ideas to Gandhi.
Initially, Schumacher's ideas were rejected by both the Indian government and leading development economists. Spurred to action over concern the idea of intermediate technology would languish, Schumacher, George McRobie, Mansur Hoda[8] and Julia Porter brought together a group of approximately 20 people to form the Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) in May 1965. Later that year, a Schumacher article published in the Observer garnered significant attention and support for the group. In 1967, the group published the Tools for Progress: A Guide to Small-scale Equipment for Rural Development and sold 7,000 copies. ITDG also formed panels of experts and practitioners around specific technological needs (such as building construction, energy and water) to develop intermediate technologies to address those needs. At a conference hosted by the ITDG in 1968 the term "intermediate technology" was discarded in favor of the term "appropriate technology" used today. Intermediate technology had been criticized as suggesting the technology was inferior to advanced (or high) technology and not including the social and political factors included in the concept put forth by the proponents. In 1973, Schumacher described the concept of appropriate technology to a mass audience in his influential work, Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered.

Technological singularity

Technological singularity refers to the hypothetical future emergence of greater-than-human intelligence through technological means, very probably resulting in explosive superintelligence.[1] Since the capabilities of such intelligence would be difficult for an unaided human mind to comprehend, the occurrence of a technological singularity is seen as an intellectual event horizon, beyond which the future becomes difficult to understand or predict. Proponents of the singularity typically state an "intelligence explosion"[2][3] is a key factor of the Singularity where superintelligences design successive generations of increasingly powerful minds.
The term was coined by science fiction writer Vernor Vinge, who argues that artificial intelligence, human biological enhancement or brain-computer interfaces could be possible causes of the singularity. The concept is popularized by futurists like Ray Kurzweil and it is expected by proponents to occur sometime in the 21st century, although estimates do vary.

Many of the most recognized writers on the singularity, such as Vernor Vinge and Ray Kurzweil, define the concept in terms of the technological creation of superintelligence, and argue that it is difficult or impossible for present-day humans to predict what a post-singularity world would be like, due to the difficulty of imagining the intentions and capabilities of superintelligent entities.[4][5][6] The term "technological singularity" was originally coined by Vinge, who made an analogy between the breakdown in our ability to predict what would happen after the development of superintelligence and the breakdown of the predictive ability of modern physics at the space-time singularity beyond the event horizon of a black hole.[6] Some writers use "the singularity" in a broader way to refer to any radical changes in our society brought about by new technologies such as molecular nanotechnology,[7][8][9] although Vinge and other prominent writers specifically state that without superintelligence, such changes would not qualify as a true singularity.[4] Many writers also tie the singularity to observations of exponential growth in various technologies (with Moore's Law being the most prominent example), using such observations as a basis for predicting that the singularity is likely to happen sometime within the 21st century.
A technological singularity includes the concept of an intelligence explosion, a term coined in 1965 by I. J. Good.[11] Although technological progress has been accelerating, it has been limited by the basic intelligence of the human brain, which has not, according to Paul R. Ehrlich, changed significantly for millennia.[12] However with the increasing power of computers and other technologies, it might eventually be possible to build a machine that is more intelligent than humanity.[13] If superhuman intelligences were invented, either through the amplification of human intelligence or artificial intelligence, it would bring to bear greater problem-solving and inventive skills than humans, then it could design a yet more capable machine, or re-write its source code to become more intelligent. This more capable machine could then go on to design a machine of even greater capability. These iterations could accelerate, leading to recursive self improvement, potentially allowing enormous qualitative change before any upper limits imposed by the laws of physics or theoretical computation set in.

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times. It began in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spread throughout Western Europe, North America, Japan, and eventually the world.
The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. Most notably, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. In the two centuries following 1800, the world's average per capita income increased over tenfold, while the world's population increased over sixfold.[2] In the words of Nobel Prize winner Robert E. Lucas, Jr., "For the first time in history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior has happened before".[3]
Starting in the later part of the 18th century, there began a transition in parts of Great Britain's previously manual labour and draft-animal–based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. It started with the mechanisation of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal.[4] Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways.[5] With the transition away from an agricultural-based economy and towards machine-based manufacturing came a great influx of population from the countryside and into the towns and cities, which swelled in population.[6]
The introduction of steam power fuelled primarily by coal, wider utilisation of water wheels and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity.[5] The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries. The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most of the world, a process that continues as industrialisation. The impact of this change on society was enormous.[7]
The First Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century, merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation. The period of time covered by the Industrial Revolution varies with different historians. Eric Hobsbawm held that it 'broke out' in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s,[8] while T. S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830.[9]
Some 20th century historians such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts have argued that the process of economic and social change took place gradually and the term revolution is a misnomer. This is still a subject of debate among historians.[10][11] GDP per capita was broadly stable before the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the modern capitalist economy.[12] The Industrial Revolution began an era of per-capita economic growth in capitalist economies.[13] Economic historians are in agreement that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in the history of humanity since the domestication of animals and plants.

The earliest use of the term "Industrial Revolution" seems to be a letter of 6 July 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialize.[15] In his 1976 book Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, Raymond Williams states in the entry for "Industry": "The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811 and 1818, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the century." The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change was becoming more common by the late 1830s, as in Louis-Auguste Blanqui description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle. Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of "an industrial revolution, a revolution which at the same time changed the whole of civil society". Credit for popularising the term may be given to Arnold Toynbee, whose lectures given in 1881 gave a detailed account of it.

High tech

High tech is technology that is at the cutting edge: the most advanced technology currently available. It is often used in reference to micro-electronics, rather than other technologies. The adjective form is hyphenated: high-tech or high-technology. (There is also an architectural style known as high tech.)
There is no specific class of technology that is high tech — the definition shifts over time — so products hyped as high tech in the 1960s would now be considered, if not exactly low tech, then at least somewhat obsolete. This fuzzy definition has led to marketing departments describing nearly all new products as high tech.

In a search of the best New York Times articles, the first occurrence of the phrase "high tech" occurs in a 1950s story advocating "atomic energy" for Europe:[1] "...Western Europe, with its dense population and its high technology..." The twelfth occurrence, in 1968, is, significantly, in a story about Route 128, described as Boston's "Golden Semicircle":
It is not clear whether the term comes from the high technologies flourishing in the glass rectangles along the route or from the Midas touch their entrepreneurs have shown in starting new companies.
By April 1969, Robert Metz was using it in a financial column—Arthur H. Collins of Collins Radio "controls a score of high technology patents in variety of fields."[3] Metz used the term frequently thereafter; a few months later he was using it with a hyphen, saying that a fund "holds computer peripheral... business equipment, and high-technology stocks." Its first occurrence in the abbreviated form "high tech" occurred in a Metz article in 1971.

Because the high-tech sector of the economy develops or uses the most advanced technology known, it is often seen as having the most potential for future growth. This perception has led to high investment in high-tech sectors of the economy. High-tech startup enterprises receive a large portion of venture capital; However, if investment exceeds actual potential, as has happened in the past, then investors can lose all or most of their investment. High tech is often viewed as high risk, but offering the opportunity for high profits.
Like Big Science, high technology is an international phenomenon, spanning continents, epitomized by the worldwide communication of the Internet. Thus a multinational corporation might work on a project 24 hours a day, with teams waking and working with the advance of the sun across the globe; such projects might be in software development or in the development of an integrated circuit. The help desks of a multinational corporation might thus employ, successively, teams in Kenya, Brazil, the Philippines, or India, with the only requirement fluency in the mother tongue, be it Spanish, Portuguese or English.

Computer software

Computer software, or just software, is a collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it. In other words, software is a conceptual entity which is a set of computer programs, procedures, and associated documentation concerned with the operation of a data processing system. We can also say software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer for some purposes. In other words software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms and its documentation. Program software performs the function of the program it implements, either by directly providing instructions to the computer hardware or by serving as input to another piece of software. The term was coined to contrast to the old term hardware (meaning physical devices). In contrast to hardware, software "cannot be touched".[1] Software is also sometimes used in a more narrow sense, meaning application software only. Sometimes the term includes data that has not traditionally been associated with computers, such as film, tapes, and records.

The first theory about software was proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem (Decision problem).[3] The term "software" was first used in print by John W. Tukey in 1958.[4] Colloquially, the term is often used to mean application software. In computer science and software engineering, software is all information processed by computer system, programs and data.[4] The academic fields studying software are computer science and software engineering.
The history of computer software is most often traced back to the first software bug in 1946[citation needed]. As more and more programs enter the realm of firmware, and the hardware itself becomes smaller, cheaper and faster as predicted by Moore's law, elements of computing first considered to be software, join the ranks of hardware. Most hardware companies today have more software programmers on the payroll than hardware designers[citation needed], since software tools have automated many tasks of Printed circuit board engineers. Just like the Auto industry, the Software industry has grown from a few visionaries operating out of their garage with prototypes. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates were the Henry Ford and Louis Chevrolet of their times[citation needed], who capitalized on ideas already commonly known before they started in the business. In the case of Software development, this moment is generally agreed to be the publication in the 1980s of the specifications for the IBM Personal Computer published by IBM employee Philip Don Estridge. Today his move would be seen as a type of crowd-sourcing.
Until that time, software was bundled with the hardware by Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) such as Data General, Digital Equipment and IBM[citation needed]. When a customer bought a minicomputer, at that time the smallest computer on the market, the computer did not come with Pre-installed software, but needed to be installed by engineers employed by the OEM. Computer hardware companies not only bundled their software, they also placed demands on the location of the hardware in a refrigerated space called a computer room. Most companies had their software on the books for 0 dollars, unable to claim it as an asset (this is similar to financing of popular music in those days). When Data General introduced the Data General Nova, a company called Digidyne wanted to use its RDOS operating system on its own hardware clone. Data General refused to license their software (which was hard to do, since it was on the books as a free asset), and claimed their "bundling rights". The Supreme Court set a precedent called Digidyne v. Data General in 1985. The Supreme Court let a 9th circuit decision stand, and Data General was eventually forced into licensing the Operating System software because it was ruled that restricting the license to only DG hardware was an illegal tying arrangement.[5] Soon after, IBM 'published' its DOS source for free,[citation needed] and Microsoft was born. Unable to sustain the loss from lawyer's fees, Data General ended up being taken over by EMC Corporation. The Supreme Court decision made it possible to value software, and also purchase Software patents. The move by IBM was almost a protest at the time. Few in the industry believed that anyone would profit from it other than IBM (through free publicity). Microsoft and Apple were able to thus cash in on 'soft' products. It is hard to imagine today that people once felt that software was worthless without a machine. There are many successful companies today that sell only software products, though there are still many common software licensing problems due to the complexity of designs and poor documentation, leading to patent trolls.
With open software specifications and the possibility of software licensing, new opportunities arose for software tools that then became the de facto standard, such as DOS for operating systems, but also various proprietary word processing and spreadsheet programs. In a similar growth pattern, proprietary development methods became standard Software development methodology.

Consumer electronics

Consumer electronics are electronic equipment intended for everyday use, most often in entertainment, communications and office productivity. Radio broadcasting in the early 20th century brought the first major consumer product, the broadcast receiver. Later products include personal computers, telephones, MP3 players, audio equipment, televisions, calculators, GPS automotive electronics, digital cameras and players and recorders using video media such as DVDs, VCRs or camcorders. Increasingly these products have become based on digital technologies, and have largely merged with the computer industry in what is increasingly referred to as the consumerization of information technology.
The CEA (Consumer Electronics Association) estimates 2007 US Consumer Electronics sales at 150 billion dollars.[1]
Consumer electronics are manufactured throughout the world, although there is a particularly high concentration of headquarters, factories, research and development activity in East Asia, especially in Japan.[2] The latest consumer electronics are previewed yearly at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada, at which many industry pioneers speak.

One overriding characteristic of consumer electronic products is the trend of ever-falling prices. This is driven by gains in manufacturing efficiency and automation, lower labor costs as manufacturing has moved to lower-wage countries, and improvements in semiconductor design. Semiconductor components benefit from Moore's Law, an observed principle which states that, for a given price, semiconductor functionality doubles every two years.
While consumer electronics continues in its trend of convergence, combining elements of many products, consumers face different decisions when purchasing. There is an ever increasing need to keep product information updated and comparable, for the consumer to make an informed choice. Style, price, specification and performance are all relevant. There is a gradual shift towards e-commerce web-storefronts.
Many products include Internet connectivity using technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or Ethernet. Products not traditionally associated with computer use (such as TVs or Hi-Fi equipment) now provide options to connect to the Internet or to a computer using a home network to provide access to digital content. The desire for High definition (HD) content has led the industry to develop a number of technologies, such as WirelessHD or ITU-T G.hn, which are optimized for distribution of HD content between CE devices in a home.

Standby power used by consumer electronics and appliance while they are turned off accounts for 5 to 10% of household energy consumption, adding an estimated $3 billion to annual energy costs in the USA. "In the average home, 75% of the electricity used to power home electronics is consumed while the products are turned off.

Second Industrial Revolution

The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of the larger Industrial Revolution corresponding to the latter half of the 19th century until World War I. It is considered to have begun with Bessemer steel in the 1860s and culminated in mass production and the production line.
The Second Industrial Revolution saw rapid industrial development in Western Europe (Britain, Germany, France, the Low Countries) as well as the United States and Japan. It followed on from the First Industrial Revolution that began in Britain in the late 18th century that then spread throughout Western Europe and North America.
The concept was introduced by Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution (1910), but David Landes' use of the term in a 1966 essay and in The Unbound Prometheus (1972) standardized scholarly definitions of the term, which was most intensely promoted by American historian Alfred Chandler (1918–2007). However some continue to express reservations about its use.[1]
Landes (20) stresses the importance of new technologies, especially electricity, the internal combustion engine, new materials and substances, including alloys and chemicals, and communication technologies such as the telegraph and radio. While the first industrial revolution was centered on iron, steam technologies and textile production, the second industrial revolution revolved around steel, railroads, electricity, and chemicals.
Vaclav Smill called the period 1867–1914 "The Age of Synergy" during which most of the great innovations were developed. Unlike the First Industrial Revolution, the inventions and innovations were science based.
The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. Its inventor Sir Henry Bessemer, revolutionized steel manufacture by decreasing its cost, increased the scale and speed of production of this vital raw material, and decreased the labor requirements for steel-making. The Bessemer process was soon followed by the Siemens-Martin furnace which was used in the open hearth process. The open hearth furnace allowed recycling of scrap iron and steel. Because it was easier to control quality with the open hearth process, it became the leading steel making process in early 20th century.
The concept of interchangeable parts had been implemented in the early 19th century by inventors including Honoré Blanc, Henry Maudslay, John Hall, and Simeon North. Interchangeable parts in firearms had been developed by the armories at Springfield and Harper's Ferry by the mid 19th century and mechanics familiar with armory practice introduced the concept to other industries, mainly in New England. The system relied on machine tools, jigs for guiding the tools and fixtures for properly holding the work and gauge blocks for checking the fit of parts. This method eventually became known as the American system of manufacturing.[3] Application of the American system to the sewing machine and reaper industries in the 1880s resulted in substantial increases in productivity. The American system was applied in the bicycle industry almost from the beginning. A later concept developed during the period was scientific management or Taylorism developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor and others. Scientific management initially concentrated on reducing the steps taken in performing work such as bricklaying or shoveling by using analysis such as time and motion studies, but the concepts evolved into fields such as industrial engineering manufacturing engineering and business management that helped to completely restructure the operations of factories, and later, entire segments of the economy.
The use of wood for making paper freed paper makers from using cotton and linen rags, which had been the limiting factor in paper production since the invention of the printing press (ca. 1440). Finding a more abundant source of pulp became particularly important after a machine was invented for continuous paper making (Ptd. 1799). The first wood pulp (ca. 1840) was made by grinding wood, but by the 1880s chemical processes were in use, becoming dominant by 1900.
The petroleum industry, both production and refining, began in 1859 with the first oil well in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. The first primary product was kerosene for lamps and heaters.[4] [5] Kerosene lighting was much more efficient and less expensive than vegetable oils, tallow and whale oil. Although town gas lighting was available in some cities, kerosene produced a brighter light until the invention of the gas mantle. Both were replaced by electricity for street lighting following the 1890s and for households during the 1920s. Gasoline was an unwanted byproduct of oil refining until automobiles were mass produced after 1914, and gasoline shortages appeared during World War I. The invention of the Burton process for thermal cracking doubled the yield of gasoline, which helped alleviate the shortages.[4]
Electrification allowed the final major developments in manufacturing methods of the Second Industrial Revolution, namely the assembly line and mass production.[6] The importance of machine tools to mass production is shown by the fact that production of the Ford Model T used 32,000 machine tools, most of which were powered by electricity.[3] Henry Ford is quoted as saying that mass production would not have been possible without electricity because it allowed placement of machine tools and other equipment in the order of the work flow.[7]
Electrification also allowed the inexpensive production of electro-chemicals, a few of the more important ones being: aluminum, chlorine, sodium hydroxide and magnesium.[5]
Railroads overtook steamboats operating on rivers and canals as the main transport infrastructure.[8] The building of railroads accelerated after the introduction of inexpensive steel rails, which lasted considerably longer than the 10 year life of wrought iron rails. Railroads lowered the cost of shipping to 0.875 cents/ton-mile from 24.5 cents/ton-mile by wagon.[9] This increased the population of many towns. Improved roads such as the Macadam pioneered by John Loudon McAdam, were developed in the first Industrial Revolution, but the road network was greatly expanded during the second Industrial Revolution with hard surfaced roads being built around the time of the bicycle craze of the 1890s.
Iron had been used in ship building for a relatively short time before the development of inexpensive steel, after which steel quickly displaced iron.[5]
The gasoline powered automobile was patented by Karl Benz in 1886, although others had independently built cars around that time.[5] Henry Ford built his first car in 1896 and worked as a pioneer in the industry, with others who would eventually form their own companies, until the founding of Ford Motor Company in 1903.[6] Ford and others at the company struggled with ways to scale up production in keeping with Henry Ford's vision of a car designed and manufactured on a scale so as to be affordable by the average worker.[6] The solution that Ford Motor developed was a completely redesigned factory with machine tools and special purpose machines that were systematically positioned in the work sequence. All unnecessary human motions were eliminated by placing all work and tools within easy reach, and where practical on conveyors, forming the assembly line, the complete process being called mass production. This was the first time in history when a large, complex product consisting of 5000 parts had been produced on a scale of hundreds of thousands per year.[3][6] The savings from mass production methods allowed the price of the Model T to decline from $780 in 1910 to $360 in 1916. In 1924 2 million T-Fords were produced and retailed $290 each.

Techno progressivism

Techno-progressivism, technoprogressivism, tech-progressivism or techprogressivism (a portmanteau combining "technoscience-focused" and "progressivism") is a stance of active support for the convergence of technological change and social change. Techno-progressives argue that technological developments can be profoundly empowering and emancipatory when they are regulated by legitimate democratic and accountable authorities to ensure that their costs, risks and benefits are all fairly shared by the actual stakeholders to those developments.
Techno-progressivism maintains that accounts of "progress" should focus on scientific and technical dimensions, as well as ethical and social ones. For most techno-progressive perspectives, then, the growth of scientific knowledge or the accumulation of technological powers will not represent the achievement of proper progress unless and until it is accompanied by a just distribution of the costs, risks, and benefits of these new knowledges and capacities. At the same time, for most techno-progressive critics and advocates, the achievement of better democracy, greater fairness, less violence, and a wider rights culture are all desirable, but inadequate in themselves to confront the quandaries of contemporary technological societies unless and until they are accompanied by progress in science and technology to support and implement these values.[2]
Strong techno-progressive positions include support for the civil right of a person to either maintain or modify his or her own mind and body, on his or her own terms, through informed, consensual recourse to, or refusal of, available therapeutic or enabling biomedical technology.
Bioconservatism (a portmanteau word combining "biology" and "conservatism") is a stance of hesitancy about technological development especially if it is perceived to threaten a given social order. Strong bioconservative positions include opposition to genetic modification of food crops, the cloning and genetic engineering of livestock and pets, and, most prominently, rejection of the genetic, prosthetic, and cognitive modification of human beings to overcome what are broadly perceived as current human biological and cultural limitations.[1][2]
Bioconservatives range in political perspective from right-leaning religious and cultural conservatives to left-leaning environmentalists and technology critics. What unifies bioconservatives is skepticism about medical and other biotechnological transformations of the living world. Typically less sweeping as a critique of technological society than bioluddism, the bioconservative perspective is characterized by its defense of the natural, deployed as a moral category.[1][2]
Although techno-progressivism is the stance which contrasts with bioconservatism in the biopolitical spectrum, both techno-progressivism and bioconservatism, in their more moderate expressions, share an opposition to unsafe, unfair, undemocratic forms of technological development, and both recognize that such developmental modes can facilitate unacceptable recklessness and exploitation, exacerbate injustice and incubate dangerous social discontent.

Economic globalization

Economic globalization refers to increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, service, technology and capital.[1] Whereas globalization is centered around the diminution of international trade regulations as well as tariffs, taxes, and other impediments that suppresses global trade, economic globalization is the process of increasing economic integration between countries, leading to the emergence of a global marketplace or a single world market.[2] Depending on the paradigm, economic globalization can be viewed as either a positive or a negative phenomenon.
Economic globalization comprises the globalization of production, markets, competition, technology, and corporations and industries.[1] While economic globalization has been occurring for the last several hundred years (since the emergence of trans-national trade), it has begun to occur at an increased rate over the last 20–30 years.[3] This recent boom has been largely accounted by developed economies integrating with less developed economies, by means of foreign direct investment, the reduction of trade barriers, and in many cases cross border immigration.
It can be argued that economic globalization may or may not be an irreversible trend. There are several significant effects of economic globalization. There is statistical evidence for positive financial effects as well as proposals that there is a power imbalance between developing and developed countries in the global economy. Furthermore, economic globalization has an impact on world cultures.
International commodity markets, labor markets, and capital markets make up the economy and define economic globalization.[4] Beginning as early as 4000 BC, people were trading livestock, tools, and other items as a means of money. People residing in Sumer, an early civilization in Mesopotamia, came up with a token system that was seen as one of the first forms of commodity money.[5] Labor markets consist of workers, employers, wages, income, supply, and demand. Labor markets have been around as long as commodity markets. Labor markets grew out of commodity markets because labor was needed to grow the crops and tend to the livestock. The growth of commodity and labor markets grew into a capital market where companies and governments handle longstanding funds.[6] The process of this blending of markets in the economy took thousands of years to become what it is today.
By the early 1900s, it was rare to come across a town that was not influenced by foreign markets—whether it be in labor, prices, or any other policy of business.[7] With advances in ship building technology and the inventions of the railroad and telephone, communication with other parts of the country and world was readily available. Towns were no longer limited to what they alone could produce and what the next two towns over would trade with them. People everywhere had the accessibility and resources to obtain goods from the other side of the world. However, these great advances in economic globalization were disrupted by World War I.[8] Most of the global economic powers constructed protectionist economic policies and introduced trade barriers that slowed economic growth to the eventual point of stagnation which can be seen as a precurser to the Great Depression in the late 1920s.[9] This caused a slowing of world-wide trade and even led to other countries introducing immigration caps.[8] Globalization of the economy didn’t fully resume until the 1970s.[10] Today, advances in technology and computer networks, both as a way of sending and receiving information, have led to a worldwide globalization of the economy.

Technology

Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures. The word technology comes from Greek τεχνολογία (technología); from τέχνη (téchnē), meaning "art, skill, craft", and -λογία (-logía), meaning "study of-".[1] The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas: examples include construction technology, medical technology, and information technology.
Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control and adapt to their natural environments. The human species' use of technology began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools. The prehistorical discovery of the ability to control fire increased the available sources of food and the invention of the wheel helped humans in travelling in and controlling their environment. Recent technological developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale. However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes; the development of weapons of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from clubs to nuclear weapons.
Technology has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways. In many societies, technology has helped develop more advanced economies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of the Earth and its environment. Various implementations of technology influence the values of a society and new technology often raises new ethical questions. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the challenge of traditional norms.
Philosophical debates have arisen over the present and future use of technology in society, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar movements criticise the pervasiveness of technology in the modern world, opining that it harms the environment and alienates people; proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-progressivism view continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition. Indeed, until recently, it was believed that the development of technology was restricted only to human beings, but recent scientific studies indicate that other primates and certain dolphin communities have developed simple tools and learned to pass their knowledge to other generations.
The use of the term technology has changed significantly over the last 200 years. Before the 20th century, the term was uncommon in English, and usually referred to the description or study of the useful arts.[2] The term was often connected to technical education, as in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (chartered in 1861).[3] "Technology" rose to prominence in the 20th century in connection with the second industrial revolution. The meanings of technology changed in the early 20th century when American social scientists, beginning with Thorstein Veblen, translated ideas from the German concept of Technik into "technology." In German and other European languages, a distinction exists between Technik and Technologie that is absent in English, as both terms are usually translated as "technology." By the 1930s, "technology" referred not to the study of the industrial arts, but to the industrial arts themselves.[4] In 1937, the American sociologist Read Bain wrote that "technology includes all tools, machines, utensils, weapons, instruments, housing, clothing, communicating and transporting devices and the skills by which we produce and use them."[5] Bain's definition remains common among scholars today, especially social scientists. But equally prominent is the definition of technology as applied science, especially among scientists and engineers, although most social scientists who study technology reject this definition.[6] More recently, scholars have borrowed from European philosophers of "technique" to extend the meaning of technology to various forms of instrumental reason, as in Foucault's work on technologies of the self ("techniques de soi").
Dictionaries and scholars have offered a variety of definitions. The Merriam-Webster dictionary offers a definition of the term: "the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area" and "a capability given by the practical application of knowledge".[1] Ursula Franklin, in her 1989 "Real World of Technology" lecture, gave another definition of the concept; it is "practice, the way we do things around here".[7] The term is often used to imply a specific field of technology, or to refer to high technology or just consumer electronics, rather than technology as a whole.[8] Bernard Stiegler, in Technics and Time, 1, defines technology in two ways: as "the pursuit of life by means other than life", and as "organized inorganic matter."[9]
Technology can be most broadly defined as the entities, both material and immaterial, created by the application of mental and physical effort in order to achieve some value. In this usage, technology refers to tools and machines that may be used to solve real-world problems. It is a far-reaching term that may include simple tools, such as a crowbar or wooden spoon, or more complex machines, such as a space station or particle accelerator. Tools and machines need not be material; virtual technology, such as computer software and business methods, fall under this definition of technology.[10]
The word "technology" can also be used to refer to a collection of techniques. In this context, it is the current state of humanity's knowledge of how to combine resources to produce desired products, to solve problems, fulfill needs, or satisfy wants; it includes technical methods, skills, processes, techniques, tools and raw materials. When combined with another term, such as "medical technology" or "space technology", it refers to the state of the respective field's knowledge and tools. "State-of-the-art technology" refers to the high technology available to humanity in any field.
Technology can be viewed as an activity that forms or changes culture.[11] Additionally, technology is the application of math, science, and the arts for the benefit of life as it is known. A modern example is the rise of communication technology, which has lessened barriers to human interaction and, as a result, has helped spawn new subcultures; the rise of cyberculture has, at its basis, the development of the Internet and the computer.[12] Not all technology enhances culture in a creative way; technology can also help facilitate political oppression and war via tools such as guns. As a cultural activity, technology predates both science and engineering, each of which formalize some aspects of technological endeavor.